The increasing complexity of security challenges, as well as more and more frequent use of AI in multiple security domains, such as fight against crime, including cybercrime and terrorism, cybersecurity (re-)actions, protection of public spaces and critical infrastructure makes the security dimension of AI a matter of priority. Research is needed to assess how to mostly benefit from the AI based technologies in enhancing EU’s resilience against newly emerging security threats (both “classical” and new AI supported) and in reinforcing the capacity of the Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) at national and at EU level to identify and successfully counter those threats. In addition, in security research, data quality, integrity, quantity, availability, origin, storage and other related challenges are critical, especially in the EU-wide context. To this end, a complex set of coordinated developments is required, by different actors, at the legislative, technology and Law Enforcement levels. For AI made in Europe, three key principles are: "interoperability", “security by design” and “ethics by design”. Therefore, potential ethical and legal implications have to be adequately addressed so that developed AI systems are trustworthy, accountable, responsible and transparent, in accordance with existing ethical frameworks and guidelines that are compatible with the EU principles and regulations.
